import requests请求方式：    requests.get("https://www.baidu.com")    requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post")    requests.put("http://httpbin.org/put")    requests.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete")    requests.head("http://httpbin.org/get")    requests.options("http://httpbin.org/get")获取数据：        r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com') #像目标url地址发送get请求，返回一个response对象        response.text返回的是Unicode格式，通常需要转换为utf-8格式。    response.content是二进制模式，可以下载视频之类的，如果想看的话需要decode成utf-8格式。    # response.content.decode("utf-8) 或 response.encoding="utf-8" 转码        print(r.text)            # 返回响应的内容　　print(r.content)        # 这样获取的数据是二进制数据    print(r.url)            # 打印请求网址的地址    print(r.status_code)    # 打印请求页面的状态（状态码）# r.ok的布尔值便可以知道是否登陆成功    print(r.cookies)        # 打印请求网址的cookies信息    print(r.headers)        # 打印请求网址的headers所有信息    print(r.encoding)        # 获取/修改网页编码    print(r.json())            # 返回json数据        print(r.history)        # 打印请求的历史记录（以列表的形式显示）# 下载图片    response = requests.get("https://github.com/favicon.ico")    with open('favicon.ico', 'wb') as f:        f.write(response.content)例子：往请求链接中添加一些数据(data、headers、cookies、proxies...)：        import requests        data = {
   'name': 'germey', 'age': '22'}    cookie = {
   'key':'value'}    headers = {
   'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36'}    proxies = {
   "http": "http://127.0.0.1:9743}        requests.get(url='https://www.baidu.com/baidu', params={
   'wd': 'python',})    # 为url传递参数 https://www.baidu.com/baidu?wd=python         response = requests.post(        "https://www.zhihu.com/explore",        data=data,  # 如果传递的是string而不是dict，需要先调用dumps方法格式化一下        cookies=cookie,        headers=headers,         proxies=proxies)    print (response.headers.get('content-type')) #访问响应头部分内容 补：     requests.get(url, allow_redirects=False)    # 不允许重定向，默认True     # verify=False    # 关闭证书验证 其他操作    会话维持        cookie的一个作用就是可以用于模拟登陆，做会话维持            import requests            session = requests.session()            session.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/12456')            response = session.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies')            print(response.text)    代理设置            import requests        proxies = {          "http": "http://127.0.0.1:9743",                    # 设置普通代理          "https": "https://127.0.0.1:9743",                # 设置普通代理          "http": "http://user:password@127.0.0.1:9743/",    # 设置用户名和密码代理        }        response = requests.get("https://www.taobao.com", proxies=proxies)        print(response.status_code)                设置socks代理            安装socks模块 pip3 install 'requests[socks]'                    import requests                proxies = {                    'http': 'socks5://127.0.0.1:9742',                    'https': 'socks5://127.0.0.1:9742'                }                response = requests.get("https://www.taobao.com", proxies=proxies)                print(response.status_code)    超时设置        import requests        from requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout        try:            response = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", timeout = 0.5)#设置秒数超时，仅对于连接有效            print(response.status_code)        except ReadTimeout:            print('Timeout')    获取cookie        import requests                response = requests.get("https://www.baidu.com")        print(response.cookies)        for key, value in response.cookies.items():            print(key + '=' + value)                文件上传        import requests                files = {
   'file': open('favicon.ico', 'rb')}        response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", files=files)        print(response.text)                认证设置        import requests        from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth        r = requests.get('http://120.27.34.24:9001', auth=HTTPBasicAuth('user', '123'))        # r = requests.get('http://120.27.34.24:9001', auth=('user', '123'))        print(r.status_code)        关闭证书验证        import requests        response = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn',verify=False)        print(response.status_code)    消除验证证书的警报        from requests.packages import urllib3        import requests        urllib3.disable_warnings()        response = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn',verify=False)        print(response.status_code)    手动设置证书        import requests                 response = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn', cert=('/path/server.crt', '/path/key'))        print(response.status_code)    异常处理            # RequestException继承IOError,　　    # HTTPError，ConnectionError,Timeout继承RequestionException　　    # ProxyError，SSLError继承ConnectionError　　    # ReadTimeout继承Timeout异常        import requests        from requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout, ConnectionError, RequestException        try:            response = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", timeout = 0.5)            print(response.status_code)        except ReadTimeout:            print('Timeout')        except ConnectionError:            print('Connection error')        except RequestException:            print('Error')                    # RequestException    # 发送一个模糊的异常        # ConnectionError    # 发生连接错误时的异常        # HTTPError            # 发生HTTP错误时的异常        # URLRequired        # URL错误时的异常        # ConnectTimeout    # 连接服务器是请求超时        # ReadTimeout        # 服务器没有在指定的时间内发送数据        # Timeout            # 请求超时